Schlagwort-Archive: constraints led

Allgemein, Kontroverse, Nonlinear pedagogy

Grenzüberschreitungen

Differenzielles Lernen und der „Constraints -Led-Approach“ (CLA) stehen sich manchmal recht unversöhnlich gegenüber und versuchen sich voneinander abzugrenzen. Dabei bieten beide Ansätze in der Praxis, sofern sie einem non-linearen Denken folgen und nicht als Instrumente zum Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Bewegungsziels benutzt werden, den Athlet:innen den Spielraum zur Entwicklung innovativer, kreativer und individueller Bewegungslösungen in den Sportspielen.

Wir haben einfach mal die künstliche Intelligenz ChatGPT gefragt, wie sie das sieht und sind von der Antwort sehr angetan.

„Differenzielles Lernen im Sport und der Constraints-Led Approach sind zwei Ansätze, die sich mit der Bewegungslernen und -entwicklung im Sport beschäftigen. Obwohl sie unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte haben, gibt es einige Verbindungen zwischen ihnen.

Differenzielles Lernen betont die Anpassungsfähigkeit und Individualität des Lernprozesses. Es legt den Fokus darauf, dass Sportlerinnen und Sportler durch das Erkunden und Experimentieren mit verschiedenen Bewegungsmustern ihre eigenen Lösungen für Bewegungsaufgaben finden. Dabei werden sie ermutigt, ihre Bewegungen kontinuierlich anzupassen und zu verändern, um optimale Lösungen zu finden.

Der Constraints-Led Approach hingegen betont die Rolle der Umwelt- und Kontextbedingungen bei der Bewegungsentwicklung. Er betrachtet Bewegung als das Ergebnis eines komplexen Zusammenspiels zwischen individuellen Fähigkeiten, den Anforderungen der Aufgabe und den Umweltbedingungen. Durch das Manipulieren dieser sogenannten „Constraints“ (Einschränkungen) können Bewegungsmuster und -strategien beeinflusst und optimiert werden.

Die Verbindung zwischen beiden Ansätzen liegt darin, dass sie sich auf die Individualität und Anpassungsfähigkeit des Bewegungslernens konzentrieren. Sowohl differenzielles Lernen als auch der Constraints-Led Approach erkennen an, dass es keine universelle „richtige“ Bewegung gibt, sondern dass Bewegungsaufgaben und -lösungen individuell und kontextabhängig sind. Beide Ansätze fördern ein exploratives Lernen, bei dem Sportlerinnen und Sportler ihre eigenen Bewegungslösungen entwickeln und optimieren können.“

English
Allgemein, Inner Coaching, Kontroverse, Motor Learning, Nonlinear pedagogy, Tennistraining

Traditional or CLA

COACHING & SPORT
SCIENCE REVIEW

Comparing the traditional and constraints-led approaches to skill acquisition in tennis. By Luke Regan, The Sports Think Thank, United Kingdom. August 2021

Regan comes to the conclusion:
„Manipulating constraints is not new to coaching per se, coaches have always utilised tasks and environments in ostensibly similar ways. But in order to maximise their effectiveness, the CLA and its theoretical foundations provide a basis for using constraints in a way that assumes a model of behaviour profoundly different from the traditional, cognitive approach of transforming ‘one size fits all’ technical information into procedural knowledge will not be optimal if deployed as part of a prescriptive coaching style. The CLA is the use of interacting constraints to facilitate the emergence of functional behaviour through self-organisation, not to simply provide opportunities for a player to execute a pre-established technique dictated by a coach. Ongoing developments in psychological theory are continuously informing best practice in skill acquisition and, far from being locked into the assumption that skills can only be coached through the prescriptive transmission of expert information, coaches are encouraged to explore more ecological and implicit approaches to developing skill in tennis players.“

Comparing_the_traditional_and_constraints-led_apprHerunterladen


Allgemein, Inner Coaching, Kontroverse, Motor Learning, Nonlinear pedagogy, Tennistraining

Constraints

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Constraints led or is there more? Back to the question.

Can we say, that the sportive action in this picture shows elements of differencial learning in tennis? Constraints change seeing, hearing, time, speed, field size, target, emotion,…

(Thx Mark O Sullivan for the picture, Mark is doing a wonderful job at AIK Stockholm and is writing about constraints led coaching, childrens rights in sports and more on the blog „Player development project„)

Wolfgang Schöllhorn, who has thought and researched about the best way of learning skills in sports, is helping me to understand the differences between Differential learning (DL) and the Constraints Led Approach (CLA) fixing one’s eye on the picture above.

„This is a nice example for explaining the difference of constraints led approach and differencial learning 😉 . Here you see extraordinary constraints in order to feel what you should not do in future (variant of contrast learning). But this only would become differencial learning if the boundary conditions would change next time, e.g. if the „other side“ would change the flying objects (size or speed) or if this guy would change his glasses, the mask, the racket, the technique, the target … next time. In differencial learning it is rather about the rate of change of boundary conditions, it is less about the stressful constraining situations that should be avoided next time. ;- ) “

from a facebook discussion

Allgemein, Inner Coaching, Kontroverse, Motor Learning, Nonlinear pedagogy, Tennistraining

Constraints or should we…

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find another word to describe what we do in our exercises in tennis? I think, that the way of differential learning (DL) is a better way for learners and players to develop technique and tactics in a sport like tennis. Still tennis coaching is dominated by methodical traditionalism and explicit learning.

Wolfgang Schöllhorn, scientist at Johannes-Gutenberg-University at Mainz, after long research about motor learning, has written an nice article about the history of nonlinear pedagogy und the constraints led approach (CLA). And why they are different to DL.

In this blog I use nonlinear pedagogy and CLA very often. They are following systemic theory and implicit learning. Making this real on courts, would be a milestone. But Schöllhorn has researched about motor learning and discovered, that there is a more effectiv way to learn. He called this Differential Learning (DL). In this article from 2019 he describes, why CLA is still dominated by the idea of leading the learner and that the coaches goal is still to bring him to a nonautonomous goal.

I think, Schöllhorn is right. This means in consequence: I have to overthink the terms I use to describe what my players do in trainings. Constraints can be understood as a term for changing courtsize, material, partners, tasks, emotions,…. but not from a pedagogical view and in distinction to CLA.

Effects of complex movements on the brain as a result of increased decision-making

Allgemein, Inner Coaching, Motor Learning, Nonlinear pedagogy, Tennistraining

Constraints never end…

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Following the principles of differential learning and the constraints led approach, we can change the constraints without repeating them the next practice. Regular variation without repetition and the trust in new studies about motor learning gives the coaches and the players more than a handful of various drills. This one is about changing constraints by starting from unusual points in the tennis field. This requires adaptation to all players and opens doors to new solutions of game situations.

Allgemein, Inner Coaching, Nonlinear pedagogy, Tennistraining

Change rules – a double drill

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Playing the game with rules outside the rules brings players in a situation where they have to solve problems outside the manifested behaviour. We can manipulate court size, rules, time, counting, context of the game and other settings surrounding the game. This improves tactics and skills. In this double drill players have to adapt the direction of the service, the return in a double, the netplay and particularly in the teamwork collusion between server and netplayer.

Allgemein, Inner Coaching, Motor Learning, Nonlinear pedagogy, Tennistraining

CLA is not DL, but….

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This is from Nick Jacques Tennis. Nice ideas for a constraints led approach (CLA). This already shows the difference between CLA and differential learning (DL). In the CLA the intention and the plan for the development of the skills is an idea of the coach („avoiding backswing“). In a DL approach the coach also offers different situations (like those in this video). But the solution is in the responsibility of the player, not in the responsibility of the coach!

Both approaches are implicit, but there is an important difference in the attitude to the learning athlet. While the coach in the CLA drill has a goal (backswing), the DL coach knows and intends nothing. The system „player“ is a black box and there is no expectation in the long term development of individual skills. The examples in Nicks CLA are in DL only one possible solution for the motion and will not be repeated.

Thx to Nick for the nice ideas ?. I love his quote: „I have no influence over this as I am still with very little noise from me.“

https://www.facebook.com/NickJacquesTennis/videos/954180831437998/UzpfSTExMjI5MjA3NTUyODk4MjoyMzA2NDg5MTAyNzc1OTI0/

“ 3 constraint led approach drills that have helped reduce the size of my students take back. Lillian has previously been taught a large loop on her take back which has isolated her upper body from her lower body, making it very hard for her to adapt to the many different balls she would need to cope with in a match situation. Lillian has made great improvements on her coordination, here are a few key exercises that have helped her progress. Note how Lillian is intrinsically motivated as the exercises engages her and draws out the effort, you can see I have no influence over this as I am still with very little noise from me ? „

Inner Coaching, Motor Learning, Nonlinear pedagogy, Tennistraining

4 fruits

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Changing constraints and using non-linear pedagogy for skill development.

Changing constraints like court size, balls, rules, equipment, court surface, interference, improves the evolution of your players game. Working differencial with regularly changing constraints without repetition gives players the chance to find creative solutions for unexpected situations of the game. Setting this in an playful approach makes motor learning and skill development more creativ and stable. 4 fruits weiterlesen →